In this course, Md Kashif Alam will revise Theory of Organic Chemistry for Class 11. First of all, the element of carbon has a unique property of catenation. Acetic acid is the first organic compound synthesised from its elements. Stereoisomerism is of three types : optical isomerism, geometrical isomerism and conformations. Priority is given to the atom having high atomic number e.g., in CI, Br and F, the priority order is Br > CI > F. 2. (a) Cis-trans isomers In cis-isomer, similar groups are present on the same side of the double bond and in trans- isomer, similar groups are present on the opposite side of the double bond. Primary (Indicates the bond) 2. (formicidae)]. Among polar structures, structure with maximum number of covalent bonds is most stable. All the members can be prepared by almost similar methods. There are two main types of isomerism i.e.. This effect is also called no bond formation or Baker Nathan effect. Chapter 5. Longest chain rule The chain containing the principal functional group, secondary functional group and multiple bonds as many as possible is the longest possible chain. In this, the bond breaks in such a fashion that the shared pair of electrons goes with one of the fragments. Heterolytic fission generally takes place in polar covalent molecules but in non-polar molecules, it takes place in the presence of catalyst like AiCI3) (anhy. Chapter 7. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 Notes – The chapter discusses the Kossel’s first insight into the mechanism of formation of electropositive and electronegative ions. 4. e.g., halogens, -OH. The chair form and the boat forms are extreme cases. Physics Notes, Chemistry Notes, Maths Notes, Revision Notes. These cbse revision notes are arranged subject-wise and topic-wise. Hydrogen lying in the plane of ring, are called equatorial hydrogen (He) while that are parallel to the axis are called axial hydrogens. These are obtained by thermolysis of azides and as reactive as carbenes. (i) Primary carbon atom When carbon atom is attached with one other carbon atom only, it is called primary or 1° carbon atom. 6. Such reactions are rare. The following species behave as nucleophiles : In case of same nucleophilic site, nucleophilicity parallels basicity i.e.. as the basicity increases, nucleophilicity also increases. Each carbon atom of cyclohexane is bonded to two types hydrogens. In benzene, resonance energy is 36 kcal/mol. (a) Staggered conformation In it, the atoms or groups bonded to carbons at each end of a C-C bond are as far apart as possible. This system was introduced in 1947 revised in 1933.According to this name of compound consist of 3 parts that is: Prefix WordRoot Suffix. Revision Notes for Class 11. Presence of groups showing + I effect increases the stability of carbocation while presence of groups showing – I effect decreases their stability. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter. Join Our Telegram Channel... Users. Double and triple bonds are also functional groups. (iii) Tertiary carbon atom When carbon atom is attached with three other carbon atoms, it is called tertiary or 3° carbon atom. (i) Stability of alkenes More the number of a-hydrogen atoms, more stable is the alkene. (f) Specific rotation It is given by the expression. (a) Enantiomers The non-superimposable mirror images are called enantiomers e.g.. (b) Diastereomers The isomers which are non-superimposable and not related to each other as mirror image, are called diastereomers. (Ha). Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques Class 11 Revision Notes This article deals with organic chemistry – some basic principles and techniques class 11 notes. 3. principal functional group gets the lowest number. It arises when two or more compounds have similar molecular formula but different carbon skeletons, e.g., When two or more compounds have same molecular formula but different position of functional groups or substituents, they are called positional isomers and the phenomenon is called position isomerism, It arises when two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different functional group. If two end are similar number of optical active isomers = 2n – 1 (if n = even) and meso form = 2n – 2 / 2. Atoms or groups having greater electron affinity than hydrogen. (iii) Non-metal (acidic) oxides e.g., CO2, SO2 etc. These compounds have specific properties depending upon the nature of the element or group attached with the carbon. The structure with maximum charge separation is more stable. 1. branching if present gets the lowest number. These being electron deficient behave as Lewis acids. If shared pair is more shifted towards the more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom acquires slight positive charge and more electronegative atom acquires partial negative charge, e.g.. These are the product of homolysis and contain an odd electron. Berzelius (1808) defined organic … Halogens slightly deactivate the benzene ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction. All the important topics will be discussed in detail and would be helpful for aspirants preparing for the IIT JEE exam. CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes. Electron donating groups with respect to conjugate system show +R effect. Non-polar structure is more stable than the polar structure. The series in which the molecular formula of adjacent members differ by a – CH2 unit, is called homologous series and the individual members are called homologous. That’s why their chemical properties are almost similar. Presence of + I showing groups increases the basic strength of amines. Structure of Atom . IUPAC accepted their common trivial names e.g.. Organic compounds containing a multiple bond between carbon and a more electronegative atom can act as amphiphiles, e.g.. producing – R effect are meta directing. Lowest number rule Numbering is done in such a way so that. Electron donating groups producing. 1. e.g., halogens, – COOH,- COOR,- CHO,- CN,-NO2 etc. Here. The compound must contain at least one double bond. 2. More the E.D.G. They have different physical and chemical properties. Free Download Premium IIT JEE Notes in PDF. . (ii) Nucleophilic substitution reactions In these reactions, nucleophiles are the attacking species. All the members of a series have same general formula, e.g.. 3. They have scrutinized the past few years’ papers before setting it, and their notes surely helped students prepare better. Filed Under: Chemistry, Class 11, Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques Tagged With: 3 basic primary suffix, IUPAC system, Nomenclature, prefix, primary prefix, primary suffix, rules for IUPAC Nomenclature of organic compounds, secondary prefix, secondary suffix, suffix, Trivial or common name, word root. In these reactions, two groups from the same or adjacent atoms are lost and electron deficient or unsaturated compound is formed. 4. Compounds having similar physical and chemical properties but. 11 standard Chemistry syllabus consists of topics from both inorganic and organic chemistry and comprises of total 14 chapters. It contains a formal carbon-carbon triple bond in aromatic molecule. They deactivate the benzene ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction. Also visit Chemistry Guruji - Bharath Panchal Youtube Channel for Chemistry Crash Course Videos. Reading Time: 21min read 0. CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes are made strictly according to the NCERT Syllabus by our panel of highly experienced teachers. Naming the prefixes and suffixes Prefix represents the substituent and suffix is used for principal functional group. ... Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 Revision Notes. 2. are said to have electron attracting or negative inductive effect (- I) while that having, smaller electron affinity than hydrogen are said to have electron releasing or positive inductive effect (+ I) e.g.. Here, Cl has – I effect and alkyl group has + I effect. 5. We will discuss their general formula, physical and chemical properties. These notes will provide you overview of all the chapters and important points to remember. Then Hybridised orbitals contain no electrons and a hybridised orbital contains two electrons : Singlet carbene has bent structure and is less stable than triplet carbene. The notes have been prepared by experts who know which topics are essential within the syllabus. CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes and short key-notes to score more marks in exams, prepared by expert Physics teachers from the latest edition of CBSE books. Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques class 11 Notes Chemistry. These are electron deficient species. tetrakis etc. e.g.. The following species behave as electrophiles : (i) All non-metal cations and metal cations which have vacant d- orbitals. Sample questions and answers are provided for each topic. (c) E-Z isomers In E-isomer, bulkier (heavier) groups are present on the opposite side of the double bond and in Z-isomer, heavier groups are present on the same side of the double bond. It is a special type of functional isomerism which arises in carbonyl compounds containing α – H atom e.g.. Primary prefixes are cycle, bicycle, di, tri, tetra, tries. the first organic compound synthesised in laboratory, by Wohler. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry . e.g.. Use them to review and practice your exam skills. When the same groups are present on the opposite side of the carbon chain, the form is called threo form. 7. Chemistry_Revision_Notes for BOARD Exams https: ... Organic Chemistry Class 11 ncert - Some Basic Principle and Techniques 01 I Sigma,Pi I Hybridization - Duration: 49:08. Furthermore, these compounds are exceptionally stable because of the small size of carbon. (i) α – carbon Carbon which is directly attached to the functional group. Chapter 1. Covalent bonding nature of organic compounds is defined in terms of orbitals hybridization. JEE Mains, JEE Advance, Class 11, Class 12 Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 11 Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques In chapter 12 of class 11 Chemistry, students are introduced to topics like classification, nomenclature, purification and qualitative analysis of organic compounds, isomerism, organic reaction and … These are short lived and highly reactive. Reactivity order of carbon atoms is as follows 3° > 2° > 1°. This is the best handwritten short notes made by Bharath Panchal which covers all chapters of all Class 11 and Class 12 Chemistry in Just 70 Pages.This Notes is so useful for Quick Revision. This notes contains named reactions from organic chemistry class 11 and class … Reactivity of carbonyl compound is increased by – I showing groups. Electrophiles or Electrophilic Reagents. It can be done by mechanical method, biochemical method and chemical method. General Characteristics of Organic Compounds. The compound having same molecular formula but differ in properties are known as isomers and the phenomenon is known as isomerism. acetic acid (acetum = vinegar), oxalic acid (oxalic), malic acid (pyrus malus), citric acid (citric), formic acid (obtained from red ant The course will be covered in Hindi and notes will also be provided in English. A carbon atom can combine with other carbon atoms by single, double or triple bonds. Number of optical active isomers = 2n (where, n = chiral carbon). by Anuj William. More the E.W.G, more is the acidic nature. These are divalent carbon species having two non-bonding electrons along WIth two bond pairs. Word root: Suffix: Suffix two types:- 1. Organic chemistry has a lot of name reactions which you should remember. These are generally volatile and inflammable. (c) Conformers of 3 – fluoro butan – 2 – ol. (c) Skew or Gauche conformation All other conformations in between eclipsed and staggered conformations are called skew or Gauche conformations. Carbon can form compound with oxygen. Chapter 4. Reactivity of alkyl halides towards SN 1 is increased by + 1 showing groups. Environmental Chemistry This Higher Secondary Plus one Chemistry Revision Notes will help you get the best possible results in your examination. e.g.. (ii) β – imination Here, the groups are eliminated from the adjacent carbon atoms. e.g.. (ii) Nucleophilic addition reactions In these reactions, nucleophile is added to the substrate in the rate determining step. It arises due to different alkyl groups on either side of the same functional group in a molecule, e.g.. The conformations in which bulkier group occupy the equatorial position is more stable. more is the basic nature. This organic chemistry note for IGCSE chemistry will cover the three major homologous series Alkane, Alkene, and Alcohols. Electron withdrawing groups with respect to conjugate system show – R effect. According to previous year’s papers, it could be concluded that topics related to ‘Period Table of Elements’ like ‘The s-block elements’ and ‘The p-block elements’ are very important, going through these chapters properly could make you score. The crucial Class 11 Chemistry Revision Notes will prepare students on atoms and the discovery of subatomic particles. 4. 11. The concepts should be clear which will help in faster learning. Download PDF of complete organic chemistry Only in 50 RS. + R effect are ortho and para directing. Carbon bearing a positive charge is called carbocation and carbon bearing negative charge is called carbanion. It is a permanent effect and propagates through carbon chain. 2. the sum of numbers of side chain is lowest. These can further be E1 or E2 reactions e.g., All CBSE Notes for Class 11 Chemistry Maths Notes Physics Notes Biology Notes. Thermodynamics . These are of two types (depending upon the nature of attacking species) : (i) Electrophilic addition reactions In these reactions, H+ (or electrophile) is added to the substrate in the rate determining step. About Mrs Shilpi Nagpal All the homologues contain same functional group. In case of group of atoms, priority is decided by the atomic number of first atom. In the presence of attacking reagent, the two π electrons are completely transferred to any of the one atom. However, one similar group should be present at the adjacent double bonded carbon atoms. Electron withdrawing group (E.W.G.) Free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, carbenes and nitrenes are important reactions intermediates. It is optically inactive due to external compensation. The isomers having same molecular formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms about the double bond are known as geometrical isomers and this phenomenon is called geometrical isomerism, e.g.. For exhibiting geometrical isomerism, the essential conditions are : 1. In resonance. Reasons for Large Number of Organic Compounds. I have covered all the organic chemistry basics with a complete breakdown. Prefix ‘spiro’ is used for the compounds in which one carbon is c nunOli between two rings ; Here, smaller ring is numbered first, e.g.. Prefix ‘bicycle’ is used for such compounds e.g.. (ii) Stability of carbocation Greater the number of alkyl groups attached to a positively charged carbon atom, the greater is the stability. It involves delocalisation of 1t electrons. The arrangement of atoms must be identical in all the formulae. VIEWS . Class 11 Chemistry Organic Chemistry: IUPAC system (Geneva system) IUPAC system (Geneva system) It is international union of pure & applied Chemistry. , Chemistry Notes past few years ’ papers before setting it, and Alcohols single, double or triple.. Tendency of self combination and is maximum in carbon, double or triple bonds the of. 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